6. One paragraph description of your model (e.g. abstract from report or
paper);
This model is a system of coupled sub-models which simulate the time
evolution of 3-dimensional snow-depth distributions. The blowing and
drifting snow submodel includes an accounting of the relevant snow
transport mechanisms, such as saltation and turbulent suspension,
surface shear stress modifications in the presence of saltation,
sublimation of the blowing and drifting snow, wind field adjustments
for topography, and snow-vegetation interactions are included through
a vegetation snow-holding capacity. When driven with observed or modeled
atmospheric forcing, this submodel describes how the winter snow cover
accumulates and is redistributed by the interactions of wind and
topography. In addition, it provides an accounting of the snow-pack
losses due to the sublimation of the wind-transported snow. The
energy-balance melt submodel is available to simulate snow-melt related
processes. Variations of the modeling system are being incorporated
into the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) for weather and
climate simulation purposes.
50. Please provide references relevant to the model description and use.
Liston, G. E., and M. Sturm, 1997: A snow transport model for complex
terrain. J. Glaciol., submitted.
Liston, G. E., 1995: Local advection of momentum, heat, and
moisture during the melt of patchy snow covers. J. Applied Meteorol.,
34 (7), 1705-1715.
Liston, G. E., and D. K. Hall, 1995: An energy balance model of
lake ice evolution. J. Glaciol., 41 (138), 373-382.
Sturm, M., J. Holmgren, and G. E. Liston, 1995: A seasonal snow
cover classification system for local to global applications.
J. Climate, 8 (5), 1261-1283.
Liston, G. E., and M. Sturm, 1996: Modeling the seasonal evolution
of non-uniform Arctic snow covers in regional atmospheric models.
Modeling the Arctic System: A Workshop Report on the State of Modeling
in the Arctic System Science Program, ARCSS Modeling Workshop, January
15-16, Boulder, Colorado.
Liston, G. E., 1995: Parameterizing the influence of subgrid-scale
snow distributions during snow melt in regional atmospheric models.
Summary Report and Proceedings, International GEWEX Workshop on
Cold-Season/Region Hydrometeorology, May 22-26, Banff, Alberta,
Canada, 208.
Liston, G. E., R. A. Pielke, T. G. F. Kittel, L. Lu, J. H. Copeland,
1996: Formulating the regional atmospheric modeling system (RAMS)
for use in regional climate studies. Third Annual Central Plains
Experimental Range (CPER) LTER Symposium, January 11, Fort Collins,
Colorado.
Liston, G.E., 1998: Example applications of a 3-d snow-transport model
(SnowTran-3D), EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting,
Supplement, Vol. 79, No. 45, page F269.