FOREIGN DESK | October 1, 2004, Friday With Russia's Nod, Treaty on Emissions Clears Last Hurdle By SETH MYDANS AND ANDREW C. REVKIN; SETH MYDANS REPORTED FROM MOSCOW FOR THIS ARTICLE, AND ANDREW C. REVKIN FROM WASHINGTON. (NYT) 1800 words Late Edition - Final , Section A , Page 1 , Column 4 ABSTRACT - Kyoto Protocol on global warming overcomes its last critical hurdle when Russia's cabinet endorses it and sends it to Parliament, which is widely expected to approve it; treaty will take effect 90 days after that; it is first treaty to require cuts in emissions linked to global warming; it has been ratified by 120 countries; United States, which accounted for 36.1 percent of emissions from industrialized countries in 1990, has rejected treaty and will not be bound by its restrictions; although treaty is seen as milestone of international environmental diplomacy, many specialists say that it is just tiniest initial step toward limiting human influence on climate, given that its targets are small and that US will not be bound by its terms, and because China, major polluter that did sign treaty, is not bound by its restrictions because it is considered developing country; chart (M)