| Model Name | Purpose | First Year Used | Forcing Data Needs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australian | Downscaling GCM output to the local scale, climate change sensitvity evaluation | 1996 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Wd, Hu |
| BAIM | GCM, RCM | 1995 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| BASE | For the BMRC GCM | 1995 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| BATS | GCM, RCM | 1981 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| CLASS | GCM, RCM, NWP | 1991 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| CROCUS | Understanding snow processes, operational avalanche forecasting in France, and use in GCM | 1986 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Cl |
| DARSSM | For the CSIRO GCM | 1996 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Wd, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| DHSVM | Understanding snow processes, forecasting runoff | 1993 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW |
| ECHAM (Duemenil) | GCM, RCM | 1991 | Pr, Ta, Tdp, Ws, Cl, Ps |
| ECHAM (Loth) | Testing the optimal complexity of a snow cover model for GCM, RCM | 1991 | Pr, Ta, Tdp, Ws, Cl, Ps |
| GFDL Snow Model | For the GFDL GCM | 1969 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| Hadley Centre/UKMO GCM LSM | For the Hadley Centre/UKMO GCM and NWPM | 1990 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| HBV | Forecasting runoff/hydropower operation | 1975 | Pr, Ta |
| IAP94 | GCM | 1994 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Cl, Ps |
| IHACRES Snow Model | Forecasting runoff, flow (real-time), and estimating possible climate change impacts | 1995 | Pr, Ta |
| INM | Forecasting runoff | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW |
| ISBA | For the ARPEGE GCM and possibly NWFM | 1995 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| ISBA-ES | For understanding snow processes, runoff forecasting, and Meso-NH model | 1999 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Cl,Ps |
| LSMCS | Understanding snow processes, forecasting runoff and use in GCM | 1996 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Cl, Ps |
| MAPS/RUC SVS | NWFM | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Cl |
| MAR | Understanding snow processes, for use in a Meso-Scale Atmospheric Model, and downscaling of GCM output | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| Mosaic | GCM | 1992 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| MRI-CGCM GHM | GCM | 1993 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| MU-SNW | NWFM, GCM | 1994 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Wd, Hu, SW, LW, Cl, Ps |
| NCEP/OH/OSU CAPS | NWFM (i.e. the NCEP Mesoscale Eta Model) | 1996 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| NCEP/OH/OSU LSM | NWFM (i.e. the NCEP Mesoscale Eta Model) | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| NWSRFS SNOW-17 | Forecasting runoff | 1973 | Pr, Ta |
| RAMS Snow Component | Forecasting runoff, RCM | 1994 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| RGM | Understanding snow processes, forecasting runoff, and risk assessment of snow hazards | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, Cl, Ps |
| SEMS | Understanding snow processes, NWFM, RCM | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Wd, Hu, SW, LW, Cl, Ps |
| SHAW | Understanding snow/frozen soil/surface energy balance processes | 1987 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW |
| SLURP | Forecasting runoff | 1973 | Pr, Ta, Hu, SW, LW |
| SNAP | Understanding snow processes and forecasting runoff | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW |
| SNOWPACK | Understanding snow processes, forecasting runoff and avalanche warning | 1998 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, G (Tg) |
| SNTHERM | Understanding snow processes, and forecasting runoff | 1989 | Pr, Ta, Ws, (soon) Wd, Hu, SW, LW, Cl |
| SNTHERM (Davis) | Understanding snow processes, and forecasting runoff | 1989 | Pr, Ta, Ws, (soon) Wd, Hu, SW, LW, Cl |
| SNTHERM.ver4 | Understanding snow processes | 1989 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW |
| SOIL | Understanding snow and frozen soil processes | 1979 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Rn, Cl |
| SSMI DSCM | Forecasting runoff, GCM, NWPM and climate monitoring | 1995 | Better in-situ snow stratigraphy to develop a algorithm that identifies snow water equivalent from satellites, daily channel measurements from the SSMI instrument |
| SPONSOR | NWFM, GCM, RCM | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Cl, Ps |
| SPS (CAPS-LLNL) | Understanding snow processes (mostly for surface snow budget), NWFM, RCM, surface energy and water budget study (as a column version) | 1992 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| SSiB | GCM, NWFM | 1989 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW |
| TSCM1 | Understanding snow processes, forecasting runoff, and estimating energy exchange between the atmosphere and ground | 1989 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW |
| TSCMM | Understanding snow processes, and estimating energy exchange between the atmosphere and ground | 1997 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW |
| UEB | Understanding snow processes and for runoff, erosion and water balance forecasting and modeling | 1993 | Pr, Ta, Ws, Hu, SW, LW, Ps |
| Pr = precipitation | Ta = air temperature | Tdp = dew point temperature |
| Ws = wind speed | Wd = wind direction | Hu = humidity |
| SW = shortwave radiation down | LW = longwave radiation down | Rn = net radiation |
| Cl = cloud cover | Ps = surface pressure | |
| GCM = Global Climate Model | RCM = Regional Climate Model | NWFM = Numerical Weather Forecasting Model |
(Prepared by Zong-Liang Yang)